Now that you know HTML, here are some things to know about XHTML:
XHTML elements must be properly nested. The following code is allowed in HTML but not in XHTML:
<b><i>This is coll!</b></i>
Always keep in mind that whatever comes first must be closed last. The following code is accepted in XHTML.
<b><i>This is cool! </i></b>
XHTML elements must always be closed. The following examples are accepted in HTML but not in XHTML:
<br> This is a line break
<hr> This is a horizontal line
Instead, the following codes are accepted in XHTML.
This is a line break <br>
This is a horizontal line</hr>
Notice the backslash after the elements tag.
XHTML elements must be in lowercase. The following examples is accepted in HTML but not in XHTML:
<body>
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<BODY>
Instead, the following codes are accepted in XHTML:
<body>
<p> This is a paragraph</p>
</body>
XHTML Attributes must be in lowercase. The following example is accepted in HTML but not in XHTML:
<table HEIGTH=”84%”>
Instead, the following code is accepted in XHTML.
<table height=”84%”>
XHTML attributes values must be quoted. The following example is not accepted in XHTML:
<table height=84%>
Instead, the following code is accepted in XHTML.
<table height=”84%”>
Instead, of using the Id attribute, use the name attribute. The following code is accepted in XHTML:
<img src=”pic1.jpg” id=”pic1” />
XHTML documents must have a DOCTYPE declaration. The html, head, title and body elements must be included in all the documents.
Sample code:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DD XHTML 1.0Strict//EN””http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd>
<html>
<title>Example1</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>This is my body</p>
</body>
</html>
Use the DOCTYPE! Declaration if you want your web pages to be validated as XHTML documents.
There are three XHTML document types:
STRICT - type is used together with Cascading Style Sheets (to be discussed later). It uses the following structure:
XHTML elements must be properly nested. The following code is allowed in HTML but not in XHTML:
<b><i>This is coll!</b></i>
Always keep in mind that whatever comes first must be closed last. The following code is accepted in XHTML.
<b><i>This is cool! </i></b>
XHTML elements must always be closed. The following examples are accepted in HTML but not in XHTML:
<br> This is a line break
<hr> This is a horizontal line
Instead, the following codes are accepted in XHTML.
This is a line break <br>
This is a horizontal line</hr>
Notice the backslash after the elements tag.
XHTML elements must be in lowercase. The following examples is accepted in HTML but not in XHTML:
<body>
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<BODY>
Instead, the following codes are accepted in XHTML:
<body>
<p> This is a paragraph</p>
</body>
XHTML Attributes must be in lowercase. The following example is accepted in HTML but not in XHTML:
<table HEIGTH=”84%”>
Instead, the following code is accepted in XHTML.
<table height=”84%”>
XHTML attributes values must be quoted. The following example is not accepted in XHTML:
<table height=84%>
Instead, the following code is accepted in XHTML.
<table height=”84%”>
Instead, of using the Id attribute, use the name attribute. The following code is accepted in XHTML:
<img src=”pic1.jpg” id=”pic1” />
XHTML documents must have a DOCTYPE declaration. The html, head, title and body elements must be included in all the documents.
Sample code:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DD XHTML 1.0Strict//EN””http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd>
<html>
<title>Example1</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>This is my body</p>
</body>
</html>
Use the DOCTYPE! Declaration if you want your web pages to be validated as XHTML documents.
There are three XHTML document types:
STRICT - type is used together with Cascading Style Sheets (to be discussed later). It uses the following structure:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DD XHTML 1.0Strict//EN””http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd”>
TRANSITIONAL type is used whenever a certain web browser does not understand Cascading Style Sheets. It uses the following structure:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DD XHTML 1.0Stransitional//EN””http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd”>
FRAMESET type is used whenever you want to use HTML frames to partition the web pages. This type uses the following structure:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DD XHTML 1.0 Frameset //EN””http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd”>
TRANSITIONAL type is used whenever a certain web browser does not understand Cascading Style Sheets. It uses the following structure:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DD XHTML 1.0Stransitional//EN””http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd”>
FRAMESET type is used whenever you want to use HTML frames to partition the web pages. This type uses the following structure:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DD XHTML 1.0 Frameset //EN””http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd”>
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